Dr. S. Jayaram (Dean,Bombay Hospital),Chief of medical services who spoke on the medical problems in the elderly people.Common diseases as we grow old are Strokes, Cardiac problems etc.Normal lapses-memory loss,lack of concentration,attention,confusion,losing things,difficulty in doing familiar tasks,poor judgment,personality changes,personal hygiene,withdrawing from friends and families.What constitutes good health entirely depends on how disciplined you are in terms of diet,exercise, yoga,breathing and relaxation.
-Obesity can be taken care of by proper diet avoiding fats and carbohydrates,maida,oil,salt and sugar. Avoid oil for frying which is deleterious to health particularly heart and use non-stick pan.Similarly moderation for sweets.
-As we age,we have 300 million small air ways in the lungs,which tend to shut off and hence need to activate them and the best way is breathing exercise,which force air to open up the small airways thereby preventing respiratory diseases.
-Diabetes can be postponed as far as possible. If there is a less insulin secretion,the insulin does not act and put pressure on the body to produce more insulin.
How Does Exercise Help.
Exercise gives about 60% relief and tightens the pelvic areas,increase supple nature of joints,muscles and bones.It involves functioning of muscles,which need energy supplied by the body by giving glucose. The glucose is withdrawn from liver and given to muscles for them to energise and work and blood sugar automatically goes down.
The best of healthy persons can have vision disturbances,memory loss,hearing loss,sleep disturbances,balance problems,incontinence etc. Alzheimer is a mental disease with slow progression and deterioration. It start with memory loss,behavioral changes,agitation and leads to sickness.
Most of the diseases are psychosomatic.
Dementia: Is a disease where you have declined memory and the functions tend to go down.Risk factors are blood sugar,obesity and cholesterol. Eat fruits,vegetables,salads,rice once and chapattis.
Depression: loss of appetite,inability to sleep,irritability, feeling of boredom or worthlessness,withdrawing from social activities, friends, family doctor etc. Try to keep engaged,happy and active move around.Factors that contribute to depression are changes in health, traumatic events,life circumstances,loss of people dear to you and inability to do things,which please you.
Incontinence: Trouble in controlling urine,leakage of urine due to cough,sneeze,strain.Pelvic muscles become weak and the bladder is not able to hold even a small quantity of urine and leaks.Train yourself to regular toilet habits and not unduly load with fluids.Need to rush to toilet is due to overactive bladder.
Behavioral Therapy: As you grow old,prostate gland is closed making the bladder unable to expel all the urine completely.When you pass the urine,after a point of time it stops coming and you feel the sensation again. It is important that urine is sterile otherwise,it results in bacterial infection.Women are more vulnerable to infection.It is advisable to sit on the stool and take bath. Sitting on the floor leads to contact between urethra and floor allowing the infection. Secondly for women sitting on commode of public toilets are also prone for infection.
Balance Problems: As you,age a certain amount of imbalance is inevitable.Balance is affected particularly while climbing stairs or getting up from the floor or steps. The nerves from the leg send impulses to spinal cord to the ear and then ultimately brain sends the message to the ear.It is intricate nervous mechanism, which works in microseconds. The problem occurs as a result of being in a hurry or not giving the body enough time to adjust.
Causes: Vision,diabetes,vestibular etc. Correct muscles weakness,core balance,group exercise,increase flexibility and balance.
Aches And Pains: Have no other treatment except exercise. For muscle ache and body ache,exercise work 100%. Flexibility exercise and physiotherapy give marginal relief. Medicines work for few days but ruin the kidneys.Environmental assessment -removes clutters,poor lighting,install grab bars,raised toilet seats and low bed.
Frailty: You become frail as you age,which comes in cognitive functions warranting diet exercise. Arthritis and disease- oriented arthritis require treatment.Most of us have osteoarthritis,which is age related. Every bone,joint,muscles in the body or organ requires exercise or conditioning. In osteoporosis,calcium is depleted and bones become weak needing treatment besides exercise.
Hearing Loss: Avoid exposure to high frequency sound. Vision disturbances-ensure good lighting,clean eyes regularly,eat healthy,reduce smoking,sleep disturbances-at least 6-7 hours sleep is absolutely essential because during sleep we restore the body function,the cells get repaired and hormones are released. Melatonin induces sleep and the maximum is released between 9.30 and 11.Sleeping early and getting up early has salutary effect on the body. Constipation is yet another issue,diet and exercise is important.
Polypharmacy associated with elders who prefer to take medicines. Phenomenon of adverse effects is seen more in elderly therefore they like medications,drugs,use of pillboxes.
Get screening for health issues like osteoporosis,hypertension,and diabetes on a regular basis.Check every 6 months for BP,sugar, cholesterol,heart health etc. Lipid disorder,rectal cancer,breast cancer,cervical cancer can be detected and prevented at the early stages.Nutrition-fruits,vegetables, whole grain salads and good hydration help to maintain good health.
Let us not bother with so many desires,whether or not this is done properly,let us try to live a life of comfort and not to get unnecessarily upset. Eat well,sleep well and maintain mental equanimity.Two things follow for normal happy life of which,one is DO NOT FALL,and another STAY AWAY FROM DOCTORS.